英语语法：三个常考虚拟语气句型【最新6篇】

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。的小编精心为您带来了英语语法：三个常考虚拟语气句型【最新6篇】，您的肯定与分享是对小编最大的鼓励。

英语虚拟语气的语法归纳 篇1

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气

⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.

② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.

③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。

④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。

⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四级第44题）

⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had ， should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构，这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.

⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.（1995年6月四级第46题）值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。

⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。

Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气

⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him.

⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词（desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …） 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.

除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式

① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.

② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.

③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.

⒊ would (had)rather ， would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now.

Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气

⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.

⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school

⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。

⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，（should ）+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）

⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.

if引导条件状语从句的用法 篇2

某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如：

If you ask him,he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。

If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。

If you have finished the homework,you can go home.如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。

另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如：

If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。

I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。

另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配

1.if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时

If he runs he’ll get there in time.如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。

The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。

2.if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can

If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted.如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。

If it stops snowing we can go out.如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。

3.if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should

If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread.如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。

4.if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时

If you heat ice it turns to water.（也可用will turn）如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。

5.if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时

If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs.如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。

6.if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时

If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账

虚拟语气专项练习题解析 篇3

1.His doctor suggested that he ______ a short leave of absence.

A.will take　　 B.would take　　 C.take　　 D.took

2.The job would require that ______ at 7 o'clock every morning.

A.he will be at the factory　　 B.he be at the factory

C.he was at the factory　　 　　D.he has been at the factory

3.Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable.

A.will wait　　 B.is going to wait　　 C.waits　 D.wait

4.The housemaster was strict.He requested that we ______ television on week nights.

A.not watch　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.must not to watch

C.not be watching　　　　　　　　 　　　D.have not watched

5.It is necessary that a worker ______ his work on time.

A.accomplishes　　　　　　　　　　 B.can accomplish

C.accomplish　　　　　　　　　　　 D.has accomplished

6.It is important that he ______ his decision before Friday.

A.will make　　 B.makes　　 C.make　　 D.must make

7.You look so tired. It's time you ______ 。

A.go to sleep　　　　B.went to sleep

C.go to bed　　　　　D.went to bed

8.I'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.

A.do　　 B.didn't do　　 C.don't　　 D.didn't

9.But for water，it ______ impossible to live in the desert.

A.is　　 B.was　　 C.were　　 D.wouldn't be

10、 ______ it______ for your help，I couldn't have made any progress.

A.Had;not been　　　　　　　　　　 B.Should;not been

C.Did;not been　　　　　　　　　　 D.Not;be

11.Long ______ the Party!

A.lives　　 B.live 　　　C.will live　　 D.should live

12.Mary insisted that Tom ______ her the ring back.

A.gives　　 B.give　　 C.given　　 D.have given

13.My suggestion was that the meeting ______ off till next week.

A.to put　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.be put

C.should put　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.be putting

suggested that I ______ my homework first before watching TV.

A.did　　　　 B.do　　　 C.shall do　　D.have done

15.He insisted that nothing ______ till he arrived.

A.must be started 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.ought to be started

C.could be started 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.should be started

suggests that Ann ______ the house.

A.can sell 　　B.sells 　　　C.sell 　　 D.sold

17.It's better that he ______ it from you.

A.'ll hear 　　 B.hears　　 C.should hear　　 D.heard

18.It was necessary that he ______ about what had happened.

A.be told 　　 B.was told　　 C.should tell 　　 D.tell

19.It's astonishing that she ______ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her.

A.felt　　 B.should feel 　　C.'ll feel 　　 D.would feel

20.It was strange that we ______ short of water in the country where it was always raining.

A.are 　　 B.be　　　 C.should be 　　 D.both B and C

21.It is strange that she ______ marry such an ugly man.

A.would　　 B.should 　　　C.shall　　 D.must

22.It's not right that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow.

A.must be put　　 B.must put　　 C.will be put　　 D.be put

23.It was impossible that he ______ the train, for he had started out very early.

A.could have missed 　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.must have missed

C.should have missed 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.should miss

24.It's a pity that he ______ such a good chance.

A.should miss B.should have missed C.has missed D.all the above

25.He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it off at once.

A.must pay　　 B.ought to pay 　　C.paid　　 D.pay

Ford insisted that he ______ right, though the others didn't think so.

A.should do　　 B.should have done 　　C.had done　　 D.did

27.His pale face suggested that he ______ the sad news.

A.should be told 　　　　B.should have been told

C.was told 　　　　　　　 D.had been told

28.He suggested that we ______ here at once.

A.should leave　　 B.must leave　　　 C.left 　　 D.ought to leave

29.My order is that everyone ______ their own work in time.

A.must complete　　 B.completed　　　　 C.completes 　　 D.complete

30.We've made the decision that we ______ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.

A.will gather 　　　　　　B.are about to gather

C.would gather 　　　　　D.should gather

31.----I'll be waiting for you at home.

---- ______ I were busy and couldn't come?

A.What if 　　 B.What when 　　C. How if 　　D.How when

32.After he was praised for what he had done, he said，“I ______ even better under harder conditions. ”

A.would do 　　B.would have done 　　C.did 　　D.had done

33.It has been raining for a day, but even though it ______ ， we ______ there by tomorrow.

A.hadn't rained, couldn't get 　　　　B.hadn't rained, can't get

C.didn't rain, couldn't get 　　　　　D.didn't rain, can't get

34.We could not have succeeded ______ your help.

A.but for 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.without

C.if it had not been for 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.all the above

35.I dare say he is not your true friend, because a true friend ______ differently when you were in trouble.

A.acted 　　　B.had acted C.would act 　　D.would have acted

参考答案：

1.C 　2.B 　3.D 　　4.A 　5.C

6.C 　7.D 　8.B 　　9.D 　10.A

11.B 12.B　 13.B 　14.B

15、 D insist作“要求别人做某事”解，其宾语从句用should型虚拟语气。

16、 C 这种should型虚拟语气，有时可将should省略，因此，C项的sell不能有人称变化。

17.C 本句话有“要求”的意思，故选C。

18、 A C、D为主动，在此不妥。

19、 B 选B表示了说话人带有一种十分惊讶的感情，选A项与she的人称不相一致，是错的。参见本章语法说明。

20、 D

21.B should带有感情色彩。

22.D 本句带有要求之意，故从句谓语用should型虚拟语气。D项中的should被省略。

23.C 本句带有惊讶之意，故从句须用should型虚拟语气。但由于是过去的事情所产生的惊讶，所以用should+不定式完成式。

24.D 如选A，这表达了说话人对将来的事所发出的感叹，选B则是对已经过去的事情的感叹。选C则是一个直陈语气，即说话人对此并不一定感到十分惋惜，而是对此事的陈述。

25.D insist在作“坚持要求别人做某事”时，需要用should型虚拟语气，should也可以省略。

26.C insist在作“坚持自己的观点、看法等”解时，不需要用虚拟语气，所以A、B两项用在此处不当。D项时态不准确，故也应排除。

27.D suggest作建议解时，后接了should型虚拟语气，但在本句中作“表明”解，这时不用虚拟语气，A、B两项都应排除，C项时态不当。

28.A 在本句中suggest作“建议”解，故选A。

29.D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，其表语从句也须用should型虚拟语气，本句中的should被省略。

30.D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，后接同位语从句时也须should型虚拟语气。

31.A What if…？常用于省略疑问句，既可以用于虚拟语气，也可用于直陈语气。本句不省略的形式为What would you do if。

32.B 本句的under引出一个非真实的条件，当然也可以是真实条件。根据上下文，应理解为与过去事实相反，故其谓语动词用would have done。

33.B even though=even if意为“即使”。它同if一样可以引出一个真实的让步从句，也可以引出一个非真实的让步从句。根据上文，even though是一个非真实的与过去事实相反的让步从句。而主句we can't get there却是一个真实的情况。

34.D

35.D 从全句的意思分析，a true friend-differently实际上是指一种假设，而when引导的从句又告诉我们，这是一个与过去事实相反的假设，故用would have acted。

虚拟语气专项练习题解析 篇4

1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.

A. have read　　　　　　　　 B. had read

C. should have read　　　　 D. are reading

2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.

A. come; would meet　　　　　B. had come; would have met

C. come; will meet 　　　　　D. had come; would meet

3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.

A. should be　　　　　 B. would be

C. have been　　　　　 D. had been

4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.

A. speak　　　　　　　B. spoke

C. will speak　　　　 D. to speak

5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.

A. was　　　　　 B. Were C. has been　　 D. had been

6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.

A. have laid there for two hours 　　　　　　 B. have been lied there for two hours

C. have lied there for two hours　　　　　　　D. have lain there for two hours

7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.

A. went　　　　 　B. could go

C. have gone　　　D. could have gone

8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel?

A. will you　　　　　B. should you

C. would you　　　　 D. do you

9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.

A. knew 　　　　　　　　　　 B. knows

C. ha(）s known　　 　　　　　　D. had known

10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.

A. Because of　 　B. In spite of

C. In case of　　 D. But for

11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.

A. would meet　　　　　　 B. would had met

C. would have met　　　　 D. would have meet

12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.

A. teaches 　　　　　　　　 B. will teach

C. has taught　　　　　　　 D. would teach

13.I would have told him the answer, had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.

A. had been　　　　　　　B. were

C. was　　　　　　　　　 D. would be

14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____.

A. should fall behind　　　　B. fell behind

C. may fall behind　　　　　 D. would fallen behind

15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.

A. had rained　　　　　B. would have rained

C. have seen　　　　　 D. rained

16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.

A. should　　　　　　　 B. would

C. do　　　　　　　　　 D. had

17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.

A. not went　　　　　 B. won’t go

C. not go　　　　　　 D. not to go

18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.

A. had had　　　　　 B. have had

C. had　　　　　　　 D. would have had

19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike?

A. decided against　　　B. will decide against

C. have decided　　　　 D. shall decide against

20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.

A. go to sleep　　　 　　　B. went to sleep

C. go to bed　　　　　　　 D. went to bed

21、—Why didn’t you buy a new car?

—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.

A. had　　 　　　　 B. have had

C. would have　　　 D. had had

22.If she could sew, _____.

A. she make a dress 　　 　　　B. she would have made a shirt

C. she will make a shirt　　　 D. she would had made a coat

23._____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave　　　　 B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave　　　 D. If he leaves

24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.

A. will take　　　　　B. would take

C. take　　　　　　　　D. took

25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station.

A. we’d meet them　　　　　　 B. we’ll meet them

C. we’d have met them　　　　 D. we’ve met them

26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.

A. was; shall pay　　　　 　　　　B. am; will pay

C. would be; would pay　　　　　 D. were; would pay

27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.

A. have not given　　　　　B. would not give

C. had not given　　　　　 D. did not give

28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.

A. has　　 　　　　　　　　　 B. had

C. have　　　　　　　　　　　 D. will have

29.It is strange that he _____ so.

A. would say　　　　　 B. would speak

C. should say　　　　　D. will speak

30.Had I known her name, _____

A. or does she know mine?　　　　　　B. and where does she live?

C. she would be beautiful.　　　　　 D. I would have invited her to lunch.

31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.

A. know 　　　　　 B. knows

C. known　　　　　 D. knew

32.If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.

A. possessed　　　　　　　　　 B. owned

C. had　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. had had

33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come　　　　 　　　B. came

C. would have come　　　　　D. will come

34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.

A. will take　　　　　　　　　　 B. took

C. take　　　　　　　　　　　　　D. takes

35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.

A. didn’t leave　　　　　　 B. hadn’t left

C. haven’t left　　　　　　 D. couldn’t leave

36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.

A. had　　 　　　　　　　　　　B. didn’t have

C. had had　　　　　　　　　　 D. have

37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.

A. hadn’t　　　　　 B. didn’t have had

C. hadn’t had　 　　D. hadn’t have

38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock.

A. be　　　　　　　　　 B. to be

C. would be　　　　　　 D. shall be

39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.

A. she’s gone　　　　　　　 B. she’ll go

C. she’d gone　　　　　　　 D. she’d go

答案：

1—5 BBDAD 　　　　　　6—10 DDCAD　　　　 　　　　 11—15 CDCAA　　　　　16—20 ACAAD

21—25 DBCCC 　　　　 26—30 DCCCD　　　　 　　　　 31—35 DDCCB 　　　　 36—39 DCAC

解析：

1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

2、条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。

3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。

4.It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。

5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。

6.lain是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。

7.could have done表示“本来可以”。

8、与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。

9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。

10.but for表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。

11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。

13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。

14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。

15、表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。

16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。

17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

18、表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。

20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。

21、第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。

22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。

23、这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。

24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

25、表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。

26、在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。

27、表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。

30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。

31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。

32、第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。

经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。

34、当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。

35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。

37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

38、当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。

39、表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。